TOUCH SCREEN

First computers became more visual, then they took a step further to understand vocal commands and now they have gone a step further and became ‘TOUCHY’, that is skin to screen.

A touchscreen is an easy to use input device that allows users to control PC software and DVD video by touching the display screen. A touch system consists of a touch Sensor that receives the touch input, a Controller, and a Driver. The most commonly used touch technologies are the Capacitive & Resistive systems. The other technologies used in this field are Infrared technology, Near Field Imaging & SAW (surface acoustic wave technology). These technologies are latest in this field but are very much expensive.

The uses of touch systems as Graphical User Interface (GUI) devices for computers continues to grow popularity. Touch systems are used for many applications such as ATM’s, point-of–sale systems, industrial controls, casinos & public kiosks etc. Touch system is basically an alternative for a mouse or keyboard.

The market for touch system is going to be around $2.5 billion by 2004. Various companies involved in development of touch systems mainly are Philips, Samsung etc. Even touch screen mobile phones have been developed by Philips.

INTRODUCTION

A touchscreen is an easy to use input device that  allows users to control PC software and DVD video by touching the display screen. We manufacture and distribute a variety of touch screen related products.

A touch system consists of a touch

Sensor that receives the touch input, a Controller, and a Driver. The touch screen sensor is a clear panel that is designed to fit over a PC. When a screen is touched, the sensor detects the voltage change and passes the signal to the touch screen controller. The controller that reads & translates the sensor input into a conventional bus protocol (Serial, USB) and a software driver which converts the bus information to cursor action as well as providing systems utilities.

As the touch sensor resides between the user and the display while receiving frequent physical input from the user vacuum deposited transparent conductors serve as primary sensing element. Vacuum coated layers can account for a significant fraction of touch system cost. Cost & application parameters are chief criteria for determining the appropriate type determining the system selection. Primarily, the touch system integrator must determine with what implement the user will touch the sensor with & what price the application will support.

Applications requiring activation by a

gloved finger or arbitrary stylus such as a plastic pen will specify either a low cost resistive based sensor or a higher cost infra-red (IR) or surface acoustic wave (SAW) system. Applications anticipating bare finger input or amenable to a tethered pen comprises of the durable & fast capacitive touch systems. A higher price tag generally leads to increased durability better optical performance & larger price.

The most commonly used systems are

generally the capacitive & resistive systems. The other technologies used in this field are Infrared technology & SAW (surface acoustic wave technology) these technologies are latest in this field but are very much expensive.

The features of buzz as said from the google head quarters are

1. Friends are added automatically who you have emailed on Gmail.

2. It combines sources like Picasa and Twitter into a single feed, and it also includes full-sized photo browsing.

3. Public and private sharing so that you can decide who and what to see.

4. Inbox integration. Buzz features emails that update dynamically with all Buzz thread content.

5. Recommended Buzz -puts friend-of-friend content into your stream, even if you’re not acquainted.

It can be seen as combination of facebook and twitter .It has the private aspects of facebook and the public aspects of twitter ie we can publish our updates as public or private. In twitter and facebooks we cannot get the updates of friends of friends. In buzz they suggest a recommended buzz, by this feature we can get good buzz even if it is not from our friends. Buzz will also try to find boring buzz and automatically collapse bad buzz.

ABSTRACT

Yii is a high-performance component-based PHP framework for developing large-scale Web applications. It enables maximum reusability in Web programming and can significantly accelerate the development process. The name Yii (pronounced as Yee or [ji:]) stands for easy, efficient and extensible.

What is Yii Best for?

Yii is a generic Web programming framework that can be used for developing virtually all sorts of Web applications. Because it is light-weighted and equipped with sophisticated caching solutions, it is especially suitable for developing high-traffic applications, such as portals, forums, content management systems (CMS), e-commerce systems, etc.

How is Yii Compared with Other Frameworks?

Like most PHP frameworks, Yii is an MVC framework. Yii excels over other PHP frameworks in that it is efficient, feature-rich and clearly- documented. Yii is carefully designed from the beginning to fit for serious Web application development. It is neither a byproduct of some pro ject nor a conglomerate of third-party work. It is the result of the authors’ rich experience of Web application development and the investigation and reflection of the most popular Web programming frameworks and applications.

INTRODUCTION

The Yii framework is free software. It is released under the terms of the following BSD License.
1.1 New Features

This page summarizes the main new features introduced in each Yii release.

• Version 1.0.7

• Added support for displaying call stack information in trace messages

– Logging Context Information

• Added index option to AR relations so that related ob jects can be indexed using the values of a specific column

– Relational Query Options

• Version 1.0.6

• Added support for using named scope with update and delete methods:

– Named Scopes

• Added support for using named scope in the with option of relational rules

• Added support for profiling SQL executions

– Profiling SQL Executions

• Added support for logging additional context information

– Logging Context Information

• Added support for customizing a single URL rule by setting its urlFormat and case Sensitive options:

– User-friendly URLs

• Added support for using a controller action to display application errors:

– Handling Errors Using an Action

• Version 1.0.5

• Enhanced active record by supporting named scopes. See:

– Named Scopes

– Default Named Scope

– Relational Query with Named Scopes

• Enhanced active record by supporting lazy loading with dynamic query options. See:

– Dynamic Relational Query Options

• Enhanced CUrlManager to support parameterizing the route part in URL rules. See:

– Parameterizing Routes in URL Rules

1.2 What is Yii

Yii is a high-performance component-based PHP framework for developing large-scale Webapplications. It enables maximum reusability in Web programming and can significantly

accelerate the development process. The name Yii (pronounced as Yee or [ji:]) standsfor easy, efficient and extensible.

Requirements

To run an Yii-powered Web application, you need a Web server supporting PHP 5.1.0 or higher.

For developers who want to use Yii, understanding ob ject-oriented programming (OOP)is very helpful, because Yii is a pure OOP framework.

1.3 What is Yii Best for?

Yii is a generic Web programming framework that can be used for developing virtually all sorts of Web applications. Because it is light-weighted and equipped with sophisticated

caching solutions, it is especially suitable for developing high-traffic applications, such as

portals, forums, content management systems (CMS), e-commerce systems, etc.

1.4 How is Yii Compared with Other Frameworks?

Like most PHP frameworks, Yii is an MVC framework. Yii excels over other PHP frameworks in that it is efficient, feature-rich and clearly-documented. Yii is carefully designed from the beginning to fit for serious Web application development. It is neither a byproduct of some pro ject nor a conglomerate of third-partywork. It is the result of the authors’ rich experience of Web application development and the investigation and reflection of the most popular Web programming frameworks and applications.

1.4 Installation

Installation of Yii mainly involves the following two steps:

• Download Yii Framework from yiiframework.com.
• Unpack the Yii release file to a Web-accessible directory.

Requirements

After installing Yii, you may want to verify that your server satisfies all the requirementsof using Yii. You can do so by accessing the requirement checker script at the followingURL in a Web browser:

http://hostname/path/to/yii/requirements/index.php

The minimum requirement by Yii is that your Web server supports PHP 5.1.0 or above.

Yii has been tested with Apache HTTP server on Windows and Linux operating systems.

It may also run on other Web servers and platforms provided PHP 5 is supported.
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Download Full Article Cocoa.doc

ABSTRACT

Cocoa is one of Apple Inc.’s native object-oriented application program environments for the Mac OS X operating system. It is one of five major APIs available for Mac OS X; the others are Carbon, POSIX (for the BSD environment), X11 and Java.

Cocoa applications are typically developed using the development tools provided by Apple, specifically Xcode (formerly Project Builder) and Interface Builder, using the Objective-C language. However, the Cocoa-programming environment can be accessed using other tools, such as Object Pascal, Python, Perl and Ruby, with the aid of bridging mechanisms such as PasCocoa, PyObjC, CamelBones and RubyCocoa, respectively. Also, under development by Apple, is an implementation of the Ruby language, called MacRuby, which does away with the requirement for a bridging mechanism. It is also possible to write Objective-C Cocoa programs in a simple text editor and build it manually with GCC or GNUstep’s makefile scripts. For end-users, Cocoa applications are considered to be those written using the Cocoa-programming environment. Such applications usually have a distinctive feel, since the Cocoa-programming environment automates many aspects of an application to comply with Apple’s human interface guidelines.

Main frameworks

Cocoa consists primarily of two Objective-C object libraries called frameworks. Frameworks are functionally similar to shared libraries, a compiled object that can be dynamically loaded into a program’s address space at runtime, but frameworks add associated resources, header files, and documentation.

Foundation Kit, or more commonly simply Foundation, first appeared in OpenStep. On Mac OS X, it is based on Core Foundation. Foundation is a generic object-oriented library providing string and value manipulation, containers and iteration, distributed computing, run loops, and other functions that are not directly tied to the graphical user interface. The “NS” prefix, used for all classes and constants in the framework, comes from Cocoa’s NeXTSTEP heritage.

Application Kit or AppKit is directly descended from the original NeXTSTEP Application Kit. It contains code with which programs can create and interact with graphical user interfaces. AppKit is built on top of Foundation, and uses the same “NS” prefix. A key part of the Cocoa architecture is its comprehensive views model. This is organized along conventional lines for an application framework, but is based on the PDF drawing model provided by Quartz. This allows creation of custom drawing content using PostScript-like drawing commands, which also allows automatic printer support and so forth. Since the Cocoa framework manages all the clipping, scrolling, scaling and other chores of drawing graphics, the programmer is freed from implementing basic infrastructure and can concentrate only on the unique aspects of an application’s content.

Technology Overview

Cocoa helps you create commercial-grade applications quickly and efficiently. It is an advanced, mature object- oriented development environment that enables you to create complex software with surprisingly few lines of code. Through a seamless integration of tools and Cocoa API, the design and construction of a user interface is largely a matter of dragging windows, buttons, and other objects from palettes, initializing their attributes, and connecting them to other objects. Cocoa also defines a model for applications and implements most aspects of application behavior; you simply fit into this model the code that makes your application unique.

The programmatic interfaces of the core Cocoa frameworks, Foundation and Application Kit, simplify access to most of the technologies on which Mac OS X is based, such as Quartz, Bonjour networking, Core Text, and the printing system. Although these interfaces are in Objective-C, you can integrate code written in other languages into your Cocoa projects, including C++ code and C code. Because Objective-C is a superset of ANSI C, frameworks with C APIs are compatible with Objective-C.

Implementations

The Cocoa frameworks are written in Objective-C, and hence Objective-C is the preferred language for development of Cocoa applications. Java bindings for the Cocoa frameworks (known as the “Java bridge”) are also available but have not proven popular amongst Cocoa developers. Further, the need for runtime binding means many of Cocoa’s key features are not available with Java. In 2005, Apple announced that the Java bridge was to be deprecated, meaning that features added to Cocoa in Mac OS X versions later than 10.4 would not be added to the Cocoa-Java programming interface. AppleScript Studio, part of Apple’s Xcode Tools makes it possible to write (less complex) Cocoa applications using AppleScript. Third party bindings available for other languages include PyObjC (Python), RubyCocoa (Ruby), CamelBones (Perl), Cocoa#, Monobjc (C#) and NObjective(C#).There are also open source implementations of major parts of the Cocoa framework that allows cross- platform (including Microsoft Windows) Cocoa application development, such as GNUstep, and Cocotron

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