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ABSTRACT

Agile software development is a conceptual framework for software engineering that promotes development iterations throughout the life-cycle of the project.The basic value of agile approaches is to put back some emphasis on the importance of people collaboration, both developers and customers, in software development projects.Agile methods emphasize face-to-face communication over written documents. Most agile teams are located in a single open office. The office may include programmers and their customers, testers, interaction designers, technical writers, and managers.Agile methods also emphasize working software as the primary measure of progress. Combined with the preference for face-to-face communication, agile methods produce very little written documentation relative to other methods.The principles behind the Agile Manifesto are customer satisfaction by rapid continuous delivery of useful software, simplicity and continuous attention to technical excellence and good design.

INTRODUCTION

Agile software development is a conceptual framework for software engineering that promotes development iterations throughout the life cycle of the project.There are many agile development methods; most minimize risk by developing software in short amounts of time. Software developed during one unit of time is referred to as an iteration, which may last from one to four weeks. Each iteration is an entire software project: including planning, requirement analysis, design, coding, testing and documentation. An iteration may not add enough functionality to warrant releasing the product to market but the goal is to have an available release (without bugs) at the end of each iteration. At the end of each iteration, the team re-evaluates project priorities.Agile methods emphasize face-to-face communication over written documents. Most agile teams are located in a single open office sometimes referred to as a bullpen. At a minimum, this includes programmers and their “customers” (customers define the product; they may be product managers, business analysts, or the clients). The office may include testers, interaction designers, technical writers, and managers.

The modern definition of agile software development evolved in the mid 1990s as part of a reaction against “heavyweight” methods, as typified by a heavily regulated, regimented, micro-managed use of the waterfall model of development. The processes originating from this use of the waterfall model were seen as bureaucratic, slow, demeaning, and inconsistent with the ways that software engineers actually perform effective work. A case can be made that agile and iterative development methods are a return to development practice seen early in the history of software development. Initially, agile methods were called “lightweight methods.” In 2001, prominent members of the community met at Snowbird, Utah, and adopted the name “agile methods.” Later, some of these people formed The Agile Alliance, a non-profit organization that promotes agile development.

Agile methods are a family of development processes, not a single approach to software development. In 2001, 17 prominent figures in the field of agile development (then called “light-weight methodologies”) came together at the Snowbird ski resort in Utah to discuss ways of creating software in a lighter, faster, more people-centric way. They created the Agile Manifesto, widely regarded as the canonical definition of agile development, and accompanying agile principles.

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